Popups & Dialogs

Call driver.switchTo().alert() in Java, or driver.switch_to.alert in Python, then use accept() to click OK or dismiss() to cancel. Use getText() to read the message. Wrap the switch in WebDriverWait with ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent() so the test does not fail with NoAlertPresentException.

Register page.on('dialog', dialog => dialog.accept()) or dialog.dismiss() before the click that opens it. Playwright auto-dismisses dialogs if no listener exists, so the handler must be attached first. Use page.once for a single dialog, and dialog.message() to assert the text.

In Selenium call alert.sendKeys('text') then accept(). In Playwright call dialog.accept('text'). In Cypress stub window.prompt with cy.window().then(win => cy.stub(win, 'prompt').returns('text')). Dismissing a prompt returns null to the page, which is a useful negative test.

An alert, confirm or prompt is drawn by the browser, blocks all script and cannot be found with locators. A modal is ordinary HTML and CSS in the DOM, so you locate its buttons like any element and wait for it to be visible. They need different automation code.

Cypress accepts alerts automatically and fires window:alert. Assert the message with cy.on('window:alert', text => expect(text).to.equal('Hello')). For confirm, return false from cy.on('window:confirm') to cancel. Register the listener before the action that triggers the dialog.